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Public Office, Private Interests : Accountability through Income and Asset Disclosure
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#ABUSE#ABUSES#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#ANTI-CORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION CAMPAIGNS#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION LAWS#ANTICORRUPTION LEGISLATION#ANTICORRUPTION REGULATIONS
The fight against corruption is a
developmental imperative. While international efforts have
achieved some significant results, they also illustrate the
extent of the challenges that remain. A key lesson of
experience is that tackling corruption needs to be waged
simultaneously on two fronts: prevention and enforcement.
Both approaches are complementary and self-reinforcing. The
vast scale of illicit financial flows from the proceeds of
corruption and the challenges associated with national and
international asset recovery efforts call, in particular,
for significant investments in prevention and a broadening
of prevention tools. Income and asset disclosure (IAD)
systems are gaining prominence as a tool in the fight
against corruption, and have the potential to support
efforts in both prevention and enforcement. This
contribution is recognized in the United Nations Convention
against Corruption (UNCAC) and other international
anticorruption agreements. Chapter one of this guides
provides an overview of the objectives of IAD systems...
Link permanente para citações:
Public Sector Reform: What Works and Why? An IEG evaluation of World Bank Support
Fonte: Washington, DC : World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC : World Bank
Português
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#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTABLE PUBLIC SECTOR INSTITUTIONS#ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING#ADJUSTMENT LENDING#ADMINISTRATION REFORM#ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITIES#ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY#ADMINISTRATIVE PERFORMANCE#ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM#ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS
The World Bank support for public sector
reform has grown notably in recent years. To address the
questions of what is working and why in this area, the
Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) has examined Bank lending
and other support for public sector reform in four areas:
public financial management, administrative and civil
service, revenue administration, and anticorruption and
transparency. A majority of countries that borrowed to
support public sector reform improved their performance in
some dimensions, but there were shortcomings in important
aspects. Middle-income borrowers saw improvements in their
public sector quality more frequently than low-income
borrowers, even though the low-income group usually had
greater needs for public sector improvement. Performance
usually improved for public financial management, tax
administration, and transparency, but not for civil service.
Direct measures to reduce corruption, such as anticorruption
laws and commissions, rarely succeeded, as they often lacked
the necessary support from political elites and the judicial system.
Link permanente para citações:
Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#ABUSE#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS#ACCOUNTABILITY IN GOVERNANCE#ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS#ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM#ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEMS#ACCOUNTING#ADMINISTRATIVE LAW#ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM#ALLOCATION
his volume provides advice on how to
institutionalize performance-based accountability,
especially in countries that lack good accountability
systems. The volume describes how institutions of
accountability may be strengthened to combat corruption. The
volume is organized into two parts. The first part deals
with public management reforms to ensure the integrity and
improve the efficiency of government operations. It outlines
an agenda for public management reforms and discusses the
roles of e-government and network solutions in performance
improvements. The second part of the volume provides advice
on strengthening the role of representative institutions,
such as organs and committees of parliament, in providing
oversight of government programs. It also provides guidance
on how auditing and related institutions can be used to
detect fraud and corruption. The book highlights the causes
of corruption and the use of both internal and external
accountability institutions and mechanisms to fight it. It
provides advice on how to tailor anticorruption programs to
individual country circumstances and how to sequence reform
efforts to ensure sustainability. This volume presents the
latest thinking of leading development scholars on
operationalizing such a governance framework. The focus of
this volume is creating performance-based accountability and
oversight when there is no bottom line. Each chapter
addresses an important dimension of such a framework. The
four chapters in part I are concerned with integrity and
efficiency in public management. The nine chapters of part
II are concerned with institutions and mechanisms to hold
government to account.
Link permanente para citações:
Anticorruption in Transition 3 : Who is Succeeding... and Why?
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#ABUSES#ACCOUNTABILITY#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSIONS#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION POLICIES#ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGIES#ANTICORRUPTION WORK#APPLICABLE LAW#BRIBERY#BRIBES
There is no room for complacency,
however. Corruption is not falling in all countries or all
sectors, and even the most successful reformers still tend
to have higher levels of firm-level corruption than in
Western Europe. The burden weighs most heavily on the new
private firms that are the engine of growth and employment
in the region. And even in countries that are showing
success, the gains are not irreversible. Leaders need to
continue to open their economic and political systems to
greater competition, foster transparency and accountability
in the public sector, and reduce administrative and
regulatory burdens for firms.
Link permanente para citações:
Implementing Anticorruption Programs in the Private Sector
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION AGENCIES#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION POLICIES#BRANCHES#BRIBERY#BRIBERY CASES#BRIBES#COMPANY#COMPLAINTS#CORPORATE DIRECTORS
Although attention has focused on public
sector initiatives to fight corruption on the demand side,
private companies in every region have developed programs to
fight it on the supply side. Policymakers and advocacy
groups-such as Transparency International-consider such
preventive efforts to be a critical component of the
anticorruption toolkit. All types of firms-large and small,
multinational and local-recognize that corruption raises the
cost of doing business and should be prevented. Most company
anticorruption programs rely on compliance systems that
consist of a company code of conduct, training, and
decisionmaking and reporting mechanisms. This self
regulatory approach was pioneered in the 1970s by U.S.
multinational corporations after unethical practices were
revealed and in response to the 1977 Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act. Until recently this approach was greeted with
skepticism outside the United States. Critics argued that
efforts to implement U.S. compliance-based techniques would
fail in other business cultures. Skeptics also questioned
the effectiveness of company anticorruption programs. But
such views have changed considerably in recent years...
Link permanente para citações:
Dealing with Governance and Anticorruption Issues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States : Ten Things Team Leaders Should Know
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS#ACCOUNTING#ANTI-CORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION AGENCIES#ANTICORRUPTION AGENDA#ARMED CONFLICT#ASSETS#AUDITING#AUDITS
Over the past several years, to improve
development outcomes, the Bank has developed new and more
effective tools and approaches for dealing with governance
and anticorruption (GAC) issues at the country, sector, and
project levels. At the same time, the Bank has increased its
focus on fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS), as
reflected in the 2011 World Development Report (WDR):
conflict, security, and development. Helping these countries
achieve their development objectives, including the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), is a critical part of
the Bank s mission to reduce poverty. On a parallel track,
the Bank is working to strengthen its support to the FCS.
The approach includes both near-term policy and procedural
changes to improve the Bank s operational effectiveness, and
the preparation of a more comprehensive strategy for
longer-term engagement, building on the analysis and
recommendations of the 2011 WDR. In attempting to integrate
the GAC and FCS agendas, it is clear that we have much to
learn. For example...
Link permanente para citações:
Income and Asset Disclosure : Case Study Illustrations
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#ABBREVIATIONS#ABUSE#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS#ACT OF CORRUPTION#ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES#ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES#ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM#ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS#ANNUAL REPORT
The requirement that public officials
declare their income and assets can help deter the use of
public office for private gain. Income and asset disclosure
(IAD) systems can provide a means to detect and manage
potential conflicts of interest, and can assist in the
prevention, detection, and prosecution of illicit enrichment
by public officials. Growing attention to anticorruption
policies, institutions, and practices has led to increased
interest in financial disclosure systems and the role they
can play in supporting national anticorruption strategies
and in helping to instill an expectation of ethical conduct
for individuals in public office. IAD systems are also a key
element in the implementation and enforcement of provisions
of the United Nations Convention against Corruption and
other international anticorruption agreements. This
attention has sparked interest among policy makers and
practitioners in the design features and implementation
practices that make for effective financial disclosure
administration. The case studies collected in this volume
are intended to profile a range of systems and practices to
help respond to this growing interest.
Link permanente para citações:
Anticorruption in Transition 2 : Corruption in Enterprise-State Interactions in Europe and Central Asia 1999-2002
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#ACCESS TO HEALTH#ACCOUNTABILITY#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION CAMPAIGNS#ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSIONS#ANTICORRUPTION CONVENTIONS#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION LAWS#ANTICORRUPTION MEASURES#ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGIES#BRIBERY
Controlling corruption is an essential
part of good governance, and poverty reduction, and it poses
an enormous challenge for governments around the world. This
report analyzes patterns, and trends in corruption in
business-government interactions in the transition economies
of Central and Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union.
It points to some encouraging signs that the magnitude, and
negative impact that corruption exerts on business, may be
declining in many countries in the region. It also shows how
some types of firms - most notably small private ones -
encounter more corruption than others, and it underscores
the importance of policy, and institutional reforms in
achieving long-term success in the fight against corruption.
The longer-term sustainability of recent improvements is not
certain, however, and the challenges ahead remain formidable.
Link permanente para citações:
Philippines : Combating Corruption in the Philippines
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#CORRUPTION#NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS#POLICY REFORM#DEREGULATION#BUDGET PROCESS#PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION#CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS#JUDICIAL REFORM#INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY#SANCTIONS#OMBUDSMEN
This report collects and presents
available information about corruption issues facing the
Philippines, ongoing anticorruption efforts in and outside
the government, and suggested elements for a national
anticorruption strategy, drawing on global experience. The
report proposes a nine-point approach to fighting corruption
in the Philippines. 1) Reducing opportunities for corruption
by policy reforms and deregulations; 2) reforming campaign
finance; 3) increasing public oversight; 4) reforming budget
processes; 5) improving meritocracy in the civil service; 6)
targeting selected departments and agencies; 7) enhancing
sanctions against corruption; 8) developing partnerships
with the private sector; and 9) supporting judicial reform.
These initiatives, which are already underway as isolated
elements, must be unified under one concerted program, a
strong leadership and management structure, and a strong
partnership with the private sector, civil society, donors,
the congress, and judiciary.
Link permanente para citações:
Changing Norms is Key to Fighting Everyday Corruption
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#ABUSE#ABUSES#ACCESS TO JUSTICE#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES#ACTS#ADVOCACY#ANTI-CORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION AGENCIES#ANTICORRUPTION AGENCY
One of the biggest impediments to
anticorruption efforts is the fact that corrupt practices
have become so institutionalized in everyday society that
citizens view them as fixed and incontestable. To break down
such an entrenched mind-set, the public s ignorance of their
rights, cynicism, fear of reprisal, and mentality of
submission to the status quo must first be defeated. Perhaps
most important, the efficacy challenge needs to be
addressed. Citizens generally must believe that they can
actually do something about corruption in order to summon
the courage to act upon that belief. Based on CommGAP s
interactions with the global anticorruption community as
well as earlier research, we were able to collate 18
representative instances (case studies) from around the
world, with real-life examples of citizens coming together
to speak up against corruption and social norms vis-à-vis
corruption or to change public services affected by corrupt
practices. This report is a one-step-up analysis of the
collated case studies...
Link permanente para citações:
Dealing with GAC Issues in Project Lending : The Special Case of Fragile and Conflict-Affected States
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Knowledge Economy Study; Economic & Sector Work
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS#ACCOUNTING#ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY#AID COORDINATION#AID FLOWS#ANTI-BRIBERY#ANTI-CORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION AGENCIES#ANTICORRUPTION CONVENTIONS
The principal objective of the
Bank's governance work should be to help develop
capable and accountable states to deliver services to the
poor, promote private-sector-led growth, and tackle
corruption effectively. The agenda for action has been
defined, new tools and approaches have been developed, and
governance and anticorruption (GAC) issues and concerns are
increasingly being mainstreamed in the Bank's
operational work at the country, sector, and project levels.
With the introduction of the operational risk assessment
framework (ORAF), the Bank has undertaken a major effort to
improve how it manages GAC risks in the development projects
and programs it supports. This note provides
principles-based advice and guidance to task teams working
at the sector and project levels on fragile and
conflict-affected states (FCS) countries in Africa. It aims
to provide a common conceptual framework for understanding
the challenges and opportunities they face in project
design, implementation, and supervision; highlight key
lessons learned and good practice examples from others
working in this area; and suggest some topics where further
work is needed to understand and mitigate key operational
risks. A communications strategy that frames GAC issues in a
constructive way...
Link permanente para citações:
Evaluation of World Bank Support for Public Sector Reform
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION LAWS#ANTICORRUPTION MEASURES#ANTICORRUPTION REFORMS#AUDITING#BANK LENDING#BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS
The effectiveness and efficiency of a
country's public sector is vital to the success of
development activities, including those the World Bank
supports. Sound financial management, an efficient civil
service and administrative policy, efficient and fair
collection of taxes, and transparent operations that are
relatively free of corruption all contribute to good
delivery of public services. Although a majority of
countries that borrowed to support public sector reform
experienced improved performance in some dimensions, there
were shortcomings in important areas and in overall
coordination. The frequency of improvement was higher among
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
borrowers than among International Development Association
(IDA) borrowers. Performance usually improved for public
financial management, tax administration, and transparency,
but performance did not usually improve with respect to
civil service. Direct measures to reduce corruption such as
anticorruption laws and commissions rarely succeeded.
Recommendations to the Bank focus on improving guidelines
for civil service and anticorruption reforms and on setting
realistic objectives and sequencing for reforms. The Bank
has helped develop tools to improve transparency and reduce
bureaucratic corruption...
Link permanente para citações:
Combating Corruption in the Philippines : An Update
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCREDITATION#ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS#ADVOCACY#AGGREGATING CORRUPTION RATINGS#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION AGENCIES#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION PLANS#ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGY#AUDITING
The war against corruption in the
Philippines has taken a fresh turn with the inauguration of
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 20, 2001, and
the subsequent installation of the new government.
Addressing corruption was one of the new
administration's announced priorities, but a detailed
anticorruption strategy and detailed action plan have yet to
emerge. As this report notes, the deterioration of the
governance environment in 2000 seems to have taken a heavy
toll on investor confidence . The report also notes that
several new initiatives were born during 2000-01 as the need
for combating corruption was felt more widely and urgently.
This need for concrete and visible actions to combat
corruption still exists, maybe to a greater degree now than
in the past. Chapter 1 discusses the 9-point approach to
fighting corruption in the Philippines as proposed by the
World Bank in November 1999 which comprises policy reforms
and deregulation, reforming campaign finance, increasing
public oversight, reforming the budget process...
Link permanente para citações:
Fighting Corruption in East Asia : Solutions from the Private Sector
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#CORRUPTION IN POLITICS#VULNERABILITY#LEGAL FRAMEWORK#BUSINESS PLANS#PARTNERSHIP#CORPORATE GOVERNANCE#PUBLIC SECTOR#ETHICS#LEADERSHIP#METHODOLOGY#CORRUPTION CORRUPTION IN POLITICS
The critical need for private sector
involvement in the fight against corruption is now an
accepted fact, particularly in East Asia, where there is a
buoyant private sector and where corruption has often been
equated with cronyism. Cutting off corruption's supply
side is a vital step in limiting the economic damage
inflicted by corrupt practices. Despite the importance of
private sector efforts in this regard, little attention has
been paid to company anticorruption programs and to trying
to learn from company experience. This book, which is based
on research cosponsored by the World Bank and the Conference
Board, provides detailed documentation of the efforts of
Western and Asian companies to develop good standards of
business conduct in their East Asian operations. It provides
evidence that a common set of principles for resisting
corruption can be established notwithstanding the rich
cultural diversity and ownership structure of firms based in
that region.
Link permanente para citações:
World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruotion : An Evaluation of the 2007 Strategy and Implementation Plan
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank Group
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank Group
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#ABUSE#ACCOUNTABILITIES#ACCOUNTABILITY#AID ALLOCATION#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION AUTHORITIES#ANTICORRUPTION COMMITTEE#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION ISSUES#ANTICORRUPTION PLANS#ANTICORRUPTION WORK
Well-governed countries is better able
to formulate growth-enhancing policies, deliver essential
services to the poor, and regulate financial and product
markets. The appeal of governance reform and the fight
against corruption can resonate widely across diverse
countries and social groups, as demonstrated by recent
events in the Middle East and North Africa. Building on more
than two decades of experience, the World Bank's 2007
governance and anticorruption (GAC) strategy reaffirmed its
continuing commitment to the crucial and challenging agenda
of helping countries develop accountable and effective
states. Focusing on the country operational aspects of the
overall GAC agenda, the Independent Evaluation Group (lEG)
assessed the relevance and effectiveness of the strategy and
its first phase of implementation efforts over fiscal years
2008-10. A key feature of the evaluation is its benchmarking
of the content and quality of the Bank's country-level
engagement on GAC issues, before and after the 2007
strategy. The findings of this evaluation are...
Link permanente para citações:
Fighting Corruption in Public Services : Chronicling Georgia's Reforms
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#ABUSE#ACCOUNTABILITIES#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION BUREAU#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#ANTICORRUPTION REFORM#ANTICORRUPTION REFORMS#ARREARS
This book chronicles the anticorruption
reforms that have transformed public service in Georgia
since the Rose Revolution in late 2003. The focus is on the
'how' behind successful reforms of selected public
services. This book tries to answer some of these questions.
It is based largely on data and informed by interviews with
past and current high-ranking government officials who
provide insights from within government on the challenges
and solutions, the decisions, and the trade-offs considered.
This book does not assess Georgia's overall reforms
since the rose revolution. It does not address efforts
toward democratization, which were a key part of the rose
revolution. The book focuses on how the state was able to
root out corruption and eliminate red tape in selected
public services. It does not analyze areas in which
government efforts are still continuing or may have fallen
short. Nor does it suggest any causality between
anticorruption reforms and growth or social outcomes. From
the case studies on each of these efforts...
Link permanente para citações:
Bangladesh - Curbing Corruption and Strengthening Governance : A Note on Strengthening Anticorruption Initiatives
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Legal and Judicial Sector Assessment; Economic & Sector Work
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#ANTI-CORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION#ANTICORRUPTION AGENCIES#ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION#ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS#APPOINTEES#ASSETS#BEST PRACTICE#BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS#CANDIDATES
There is a growing consensus among
development practitioners about the importance of governance
to poverty reduction and economic growth, although there
remains disagreement about the direction of causality. Poor
governance manifests itself in increased corruption, poor
service delivery, weak accountability and a crisis in
citizens' confidence in the state. In Bangladesh, the
governance challenges are interconnected and span a wide
range of issues: weak public financial management, low
revenue mobilization, an inefficient and weak procurement
system, inadequate electoral laws including unregulated
election financing that limits and distorts political
competition, weak formal accountability systems including a
dysfunctional Parliament and Judiciary, a lack of
transparency in government decision making, and the
permeation of partisan politics through all public
institutions. A concerted effort to tackle these problems
will require reforming formal institutions, laws, and
processes but also developing strong mechanisms for
accountability through civil society and the media...
Link permanente para citações:
Writing an Effective Anticorruption Law
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#CORRUPTION#LEGAL FRAMEWORK#LAW ENFORCEMENT#LEGAL INSTRUMENTS#CORRUPT PRACTICES#BRIBERY#CIVIL SOCIETY#ETHICS#ENFORCEMENT POWERS#CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS#CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The note looks at effective
anticorruption legal instruments. However, law enforcement
measures are not the first or necessarily the preferred
method of defense. An informed citizenry, a government
imbued with a service ethic, and other measures can be more
effective in combating corruption. But tailoring the law to
improve enforcement capacity generally encompasses a variety
of statutes that prohibit bribery, nepotism, conflicts of
interest, and favoritism in the award of contract or the
provision of government benefits. And writing such laws
containing "bright-line rules" in contrast to
those containing standards open to interpretation by
enforcement agencies may make it easier to monitor
compliance and enforcement, but also rob the law of
flexibility. Such laws often must be simplified to the point
of arbitrariness-making them harder to accept than
broadly-worded standards, which often conform to intuitive
social understandings. The cost of bright-line rules are
often more than offset by their deterrence value and their
value in facilitating monitoring in countries with weak
enforcement agencies. However...
Link permanente para citações:
Writing an Effective Anticorruption Law
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#CORRUPTION#LEGAL FRAMEWORK#LAW ENFORCEMENT#LEGAL INSTRUMENTS#CORRUPT PRACTICES#BRIBERY#CIVIL SOCIETY#ETHICS#ENFORCEMENT POWERS#CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS#CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The note looks at effective
anticorruption legal instruments, ensuring that laws are in
place to deter corruption. However, law enforcement measures
are not the first, or necessarily the preferred method of
defense. An informed citizenry, a government imbued with a
service ethic, and other measures can be more effective in
combating corruption. But tailoring the law to enforcement
capacity, generally encompass a variety of statutes that
prohibit bribery, nepotism, conflicts of interest, and
favoritism in the award of contracts, or the provision of
government benefits. And, writing such laws contain
"bright-line rules" that are contrasted with those
containing standards that are open to interpretation by
enforcement agencies. As an example of these
"bright-line rules" the note provides the recent
example from Argentina, where nepotism, and favoritism in
government hiring are perceived as serious problems.
Considerations to the inclusion of bright-line rules
include, the preclusion of receiving gifts or payments by
government employees; of interest in a corporation or entity
affected by that employee's decision; of hiring
relatives; and...
Link permanente para citações:
Le contrôle politique de l'agence anticorruption malaisienne
Fonte: Université de Montréal
Publicador: Université de Montréal
Tipo: Thèse ou Mémoire numérique / Electronic Thesis or Dissertation
Português
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#Agence anticorruption#contrôle politique#MACC#politiques anticorruption malaisiennes#Anti-corruption agency#political control#malaysian anti-corruption policies#Political Science - Public Administration / Science politique - Administration publique (UMI : 0617)
L'enjeu des politiques anticorruption occupe une grande partie du discours politique en Malaisie. Après des événements tels que la crise financière de 1997, ou encore l'affaire Anwar en 1998, les politiques anticorruption ont été catapultées au sein du débat politique, dans lequel elles sont constamment observées, scrutées et critiquées. Ce mémoire étudie ces politiques à travers l'analyse du contrôle politique, notamment en ce qui concerne leur autonomie et leur indépendance bureaucratique. En se concentrant plus précisément sur le cas de l'agence anticorruption, notre mémoire offre un regard sur la nouvelle agence indépendante qui a récemment vu le jour en 2009, ainsi que celle qui la précède. Cette étude démontre que la nature du contrôle politique exercé a entravé et ralentit la mise en œuvre des politiques anticorruption.; The issue of anticorruption policies has permeated a significant part of the political discourse in Malaysia. After events such as the 1997 financial crisis, or the Anwar affair in 1998, anticorruption policies have been catapulted in the midst of political debate, in which their efficiency is constantly observed, scrutinized and criticized. This thesis examines anticorruption policies through the analytical lense of political control...
Link permanente para citações: