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How to Engage with the Private Sector in Public-Private Partnerships in Emerging Markets
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Português
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35.75%
#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#AUTONOMY#BID#BIDDING#BIDS#BORROWER#BOT#BUDGETING#CAPITAL COSTS#CAPITAL INVESTMENT
What transforms a desirable project on a
government wish list to an attractive investment opportunity
in the eyes of a potential private sector partner? This
guide seeks to enhance the chances of developing effective
partnerships between the public and the private sectors by
addressing one of the main obstacles to the effective
delivery of public-private partnership (PPP) projects:
having the right information on the right project for the
right partners at the right time. Data from the World Bank
and the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
(PPIAF) private participation in infrastructure (PPI)
project database indicate that private sector investment in
infrastructure in developing economies grew steadily over
the past decade. By 2007 the levels had finally surpassed
the peak levels seen in 1997, the end of the previous growth
spurt. This guide focuses specifically on what should be
done, and when, in order to prepare projects to attract the
right long-term private partners, procure their involvement,
and manage the partnership. This guide is not a detailed
project preparation manual; rather...
Link permanente para citações:
Investing across Borders with Heterogeneous Firms : Do FDI-Specific Regulations Matter?
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Português
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35.86%
#ACCOUNTING#ARBITRATION#ARBITRATIONS#BENCHMARK#BEST PRACTICE#BILATERAL INVESTMENT#BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES#BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY#BILATERAL TRADE#BILATERAL TRANSACTION#BILATERAL TRANSACTIONS
This paper revisits the institutional
determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) using a
comprehensive new data set on the regulations that govern
FDI in more than 80 countries. It exploits the presence of
confirmed zero investment flows between countries to
estimate productivity cut-offs of firms that invest abroad
profitably. This approach corrects likely biases arising
from firm heterogeneity and country selection in a
theoretically derived gravity-type model. The analysis finds
inward FDI to be highly responsive to cross-country
variation in specific institutional provisions, such as
arbitration of disputes and legal procedures to establish
foreign subsidiaries. The importance of FDI-specific
provisions stands out even after controlling for the general
quality of institutions. Statutory openness to FDI, however,
has no association with actual inflow of investment. These
results are found to be robust to different specifications.
Link permanente para citações:
Russian Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Policy at the Crossroads
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Português
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25.93%
#ACCESSION#ACCESSION COMMITMENTS#ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS#ACCESSION PROCESS#ACCESSION TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION#ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE#AGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESS#AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT#AGRICULTURAL SECTOR#AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES#AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT
This paper summarizes the estimates of
what Russia will get from World Trade Organization accession
and why. A key finding is the estimate that Russia will gain
about $53 billion per year in the medium term from World
Trade Organization accession and $177 billion per year in
the long term, due largely to its own commitments to reform
its own business services sectors. The paper summarizes the
principal reform commitments that Russia has undertaken as
part of its World Trade Organization accession negotiations,
and compares them with those of other countries that have
acceded to the World Trade Organization. It finds that the
Russian commitments represent a liberal offer to the members
of the World Trade Organization for admission, but they are
typical of other transition countries that have acceded to
the World Trade Organization. The authors discuss the
outstanding issues in the Russian World Trade Organizaiton
accession negotiations, and explain why Russian accession
will result in the elimination of the Jackson-Vanik
Amendment against Russia. They discuss Russian policies to
attract foreign direct investment...
Link permanente para citações:
FDI Protectionism Is on the Rise
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Português
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35.86%
#ACCOUNTING#ADVERSE EFFECT#AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS#ARBITRAL AWARDS#ARBITRAL DECISIONS#ARBITRATION#ARBITRATIONS#AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT#BARRIERS TO INVESTMENT#BILATERAL INVESTMENT#BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES
Over the past two decades or so,
countries have liberalized their FDI regulatory frameworks
and have put in place an international investment law regime
that provides various protections for international
investors. In the past few years, however, there are signs
that countries are reevaluating their approach toward such
investment. As a result, FDI protectionism is on the rise,
with screening of inward M&As becoming more frequent.
Typically, this is being done under the guise of
"national interest" or similar concepts, often
linked to strategic sectors and national champions. While
the international investment law regime faces a challenge to
find the right balance between the rights and
responsibilities of governments and investors, care needs to
be taken that the rise of FDI protectionism does not
endanger a rules-based approach to FDI. An independent FDI
Protectionism Observatory to monitor new protectionist
measures and name and shame countries that take them is
therefore needed.
Link permanente para citações:
Global Monitoring Report 2006 : Millennium Development Goals - Strengthening Mutual Accountability, Aid, Trade, and Governance
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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35.83%
#ACCOUNTABILITY#ADB#ADMINISTRATIVE CORRUPTION#ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM#AGGREGATE INCOME#AGRICULTURE#AID EFFECTIVENESS#ANTICORRUPTION#BENCHMARKS#BILATERAL DEBT#BRIBERY
One decade remains to meet the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that the international
community set out in 2000. Yet the world is still far from
achieving the MDGs. This Global Monitoring Report (GMR)
reviews the efforts under way to strengthen mutual
accountability. Greater resource flows to developing
countries must go hand in hand with measures to make aid
work more effectively. One key element is improving
governance, both in developing countries and globally, to
strengthen accountability for resource use and for
development outcomes. Measuring and monitoring governance,
in support of greater accountability and better MDG
outcomes, is the primary focus of this report. Monitoring
governance can help to clarify options for scaling up
assistance and can support broader efforts to strengthen
transparency and accountability, both nationally and
globally. The report highlights six key actions to
accelerate progress toward the MDGs and strengthen mutual
accountability: Favorable growth has helped reduce poverty...
Link permanente para citações:
Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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25.85%
#ABSENCE OF PROOF#AGREEMENT ON TRADE#AIR TRANSPORT#BANKING SERVICES#BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT#BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS#BILATERAL TRADE#BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS#BORDER TRADE#BUSINESS SERVICES#CAPITAL INVESTMENT
An important question in the design of
bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) covering
services is to what extent nonmembers benefit from the trade
preferences that are negotiated among members. This question
is resolved through services rules of origin. The
restrictiveness of rules of origin determines the degree of
preferences entailed in market opening commitments, shaping
the bargaining incentives of FTAs and their eventual
economic effects. Even though the number of FTAs in services
has increased rapidly in recent years, hardly any research
is available that can guide policymakers on the economic
implications of different rules of origin. After outlining
the key economic tradeoffs and options for rules of origin
in services, the paper summarizes the main findings of a
research project that has assessed the rules of origin
question for five countries in the ASEAN region. For
selected service subsectors and a number of criteria for
rules or origin, simulation exercises evaluated which
service providers would or would not be eligible for
preferences negotiated under a FTA. Among other findings...
Link permanente para citações:
Guyana - Investment Climate Assessment : Volume 2. Detailed Findings and Recommendations
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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35.9%
#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCOUNTING#ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS#AGRICULTURE#ANNUAL SALES#AVERAGE GROWTH#BENCHMARKS#BRAIN DRAIN#BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT#BUSINESS OPERATION
This document presents the main findings
of the Guyana Investment Climate Survey (ICS) conducted
between November 2004 and March 2005. The ICA report
provides an evaluation of different aspects of the
environment of doing business in Guyana. It covers
governance-related obstacles, labor and technology issues,
the financial sector, and infrastructure. The ICA is based
on the results of the World Bank Guyana Investment Climate
Survey (ICS), as well as other sources of information,
including an opinion survey of Guyanese commercial bank
managers, and interviews with Guyanese entrepreneurs and
government leaders. The findings of the survey, combined
with relevant information from other sources, provide a
practical basis for identifying the most important areas for
reform aimed at improving the investment climate.
Link permanente para citações:
A Model for Calculating Interconnection Costs in Telecommunications
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank and the Public–Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank and the Public–Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
Português
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46.13%
#ARCHITECTURE#BENCHMARKING#CALLS#CD#CELLULAR OPERATORS#CENTER#COLLABORATION#COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES#CONSUMERS#ECONOMIC CRITERIA#ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Since the past decade, several
Sub-Saharan African governments, through technical
assistance provided by the World Bank and other donors, have
undertaken to reform their telecommunications sectors, by
implementing market liberalization policies, privatizing the
incumbent public operator, and creating autonomous and
independent regulatory bodies. The core objective of these
reforms is to significantly improve access, and
affordability, to telecommunications services on the basis
of the assumption that a more friendly and predictable
business environment will attract more private investment.
However, the provision of interconnection services, on fair
and efficient terms, has rapidly emerged as a main
bottleneck. In fact, new legislation and regulations enacted
in Sub-Saharan Africa recognize the interconnection rights
ascribed to all telecommunications service providers and
network operators. In addition, these regulations also
request the incumbent fixed operator to supply
interconnection services to new entrants on a fair and
competitive basis. Despite the clarity and soundness of the
legislative provisions in that respect (cost oriented...
Link permanente para citações:
Infrastructure Regulation : A Review of International Instruments and Compliance Mechanisms
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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25.96%
#ACCORD#ADEQUATE COMPENSATION#ADJUDICATION PROCESS#ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS#ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES#AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION#ANTITRUST CODE#APPELLATE BODY#ARBITRAL AWARDS#ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL#ARBITRAL TRIBUNALS
The paper reviews first the most formal
such instruments, such as bilateral and multilateral
treaties, that include commitments regarding regulatory
processes and/or outcomes. Next, it will consider less
formal instruments, such as institutional guidelines and
model rules, that promote principles for regulatory good
practices. Finally, it will consider the different
mechanisms available to promote compliance with these norms
using both binding and non-binding devices. Two tables
summarizing the assessments of these instruments and
compliance mechanisms are appended at the conclusion of the
report.Furthermore, this paper undertakes to review the
international instruments that incorporate standards for
domestic regulatory good practices or move toward creating
international regulatory regimes, and the mechanisms that
promote or secure compliance with those good practices and regimes.
Link permanente para citações:
Best Practice Spectrum Renewal and Pricing : A Review of International Best Practice and the Lessons for the Government of Bangladesh
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
36.01%
#ACCESS FEE#ACCESS FEES#ACCOUNTANT#ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS#AUCTION#AUCTION MECHANISM#AUCTION PRICES#AUCTIONS#AVERAGE PRICE#BANDWIDTH#BANK GUARANTEES
The 15 year licenses of four mobile
operators in Bangladesh; Grameenphone, Banglalink, Robi, and
Citycell are due to expire in November 2011. The remaining
two other mobile operators, state owned Teletalk and Airtel,
were issued licenses in 2004 and 2005 and these are not due
for renewal until 2019 and 2020 respectively. The World Bank
has asked Coleago Consulting Limited (Coleago) to prepare a
report on international best practice for spectrum renewal
and pricing and to analyze the Bangladesh Telecommunication
Regulatory Commission (BTRC) proposals in light of best
practice. The mobile industry has changed dramatically in
the intervening years and so license renewal provides
regulators with the opportunity to update relevant
regulation to better align the licensing framework and
license conditions with the mobile industry of today and to
accommodate future developments. In this report the author
have surveyed a number of jurisdictions and examined both
successful and not so successful spectrum renewal processes
in order to derive a set of international principles of best
practice for spectrum renewal and pricing. In doing so the
author have also sought to identify best regulatory practice
in a broader sense as successful spectrum renewal processes
depend...
Link permanente para citações:
Making Global Value Chains Work for Development
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
35.9%
#AGRICULTURE#ASSETS#AUTOMOBILE#AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY#BACKBONE#BID#BUSINESS FUNCTIONS#BUSINESS MODELS#BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS#BUSINESS STRATEGIES#BUYERS
Global value chains (GVCs) are playing
an increasingly important role in business strategies, which
has profoundly changed international trade and development
paradigms. GVCs now represent a new path for development by
helping developing countries accelerate industrialization
and the servicification of the economy. From a firm
perspective, production in the context of GVCs highlights
the importance of being able to seamlessly connect factories
across borders, as well as protect assets such as
intellectual property. From the policy maker perspective,
the focus is on shifting and improving access to resources
while also advancing development goals, and also on the
question of whether entry into GVCs delivers
labor-market-enhancing outcomes for workers at home, as well
as social upgrading. GVCs can lead to development, but, at
the country level, constraints such as the supply of various
types of labor and skills and inadequate absorptive capacity
remain. GVCs can create new opportunities on the labor
demand side...
Link permanente para citações:
ADR in B2B disputes in the EU telecommunications sector : where does the EU stand and what does the EU stand for?
Fonte: Instituto Universitário Europeu
Publicador: Instituto Universitário Europeu
Tipo: Trabalho em Andamento
Formato: application/pdf; digital
Português
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#ADR in EU regulated markets#EU Telecom package#Shifting legitimacy of arbitration and ADR#Business-to-business telecommunications disputes#NRAs
This paper analyses the application of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms to disputes arising between telecommunications undertakings under the EU Telecommunications Package, as revised on November 4, 2009. The new rules aimed at facilitating the development of the EU common telecommunications market, and were designed to increase the powers of national regulatory authorities (NRAs) across the Member States in the imposition of regulatory obligations in a coherent manner. One key reform concerned the centralisation of the dispute resolution functions of NRAs. Within the new dispute resolution prerogatives, NRAs were empowered with a right to determine their appropriateness for handling regulatory disputes between telecommunications undertakings or to decline their jurisdiction should other ADR means be available and more suitable for the resolution of regulatory disputes. This paper examines the mere development of ADR in telecommunications disputes in the UK, Ireland and Poland following the revision of the EU Telecommunications Package. Moreover, the paper analyses the effectiveness of the recent European Union (EU) policy on promoting ADR within the EU legal order against the background of the fragmented national approaches to ADR...
Link permanente para citações:
Municipal ICT Capacity and its Impact on the Climate-Change Affected Urban Poor : The Case of Mozambique
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Social Analysis; Economic & Sector Work
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
35.93%
#ACCESS TARIFFS#ACCESS TO THE INTERNET#ACTION PLAN#ACTION PLANS#ADOPTION OF ICT#APPLIANCES#BACKBONE#BANDWIDTH#BASIC#BIG CITIES#BROADBAND
The objective of conducting this case
study on Mozambique is to uncover the pattern of municipal
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) impact that
may exist in other low-capacity countries with analogous
political economy structures in relation to leveraging ICT
in public sectors. The study concludes by suggesting
measures to link the continent's ICT boom in
citizen-based mobile telephony and internet usage with the
rapid rise of public sector ICT phenomena as a promising
means to plug service delivery gaps. In view of these
highlights, this report stands to serve as a valuable
resource guide to a wide audience of practitioners,
including policy wonks, urban specialists; ICT and climate
change enthusiasts, as well as social accountability
activists. This report consists of five sections. Section
one details the impact of climate change on
Mozambique's urban poor while also providing an
overview of the country's disaster response system. In
view of the decentralization of much of Mozambique's
ICT and other resources among municipal governments...
Link permanente para citações:
World Investment and Political Risk 2010
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
35.83%
#ACCOUNTING#AFFILIATES#AMORTIZATION#ARBITRATION#ARREARS#BANK LENDING#BANKING SYSTEM#BANKS#BOND#BOND ISSUANCE#BORROWING POLICY
Political risk remains the top
preoccupation for foreign investors operating in developing
countries over the next three years, in spite of persistent
concerns over the global downturn in the short term. The
global economic recession triggered by the financial crisis
that has unfolded over the past two years has not spared the
developing world. Yet, the fragile and modest recovery now
under way is being led by developing countries, which are
expected to remain attractive destinations for Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI). In light of overt political risk
perceptions, the revival of FDI to these destinations calls
for continued risk mitigation, including Political Risk
Insurance (PRI). In the short term, concerns over the
fallout from the financial crisis appear to dominate
investors' preoccupations. Yet, FDI projections and
surveys conducted for this report suggest that investors are
cautiously optimistic about prospects for a global economic
recovery led by the developing world. As a result, FDI to
developing countries is expected to recover over the medium
term. Investors from the primary industries...
Link permanente para citações:
Diagnosing Development Bottlenecks : China and India
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
35.9%
#ACCOUNTING#ADOPTION OF INFORMATION#ADVERSE EFFECTS#AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY#BACKUP#BACKUP POWER#BANKING SYSTEM#BANKS#BOOK VALUE#BUSINESS CLIMATE#BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Although it had a a lower income level
than India in 1980, China's 2006 per capita gross
domestic product stands more than twice that of
India's. This paper investigates the role of the
business environment in explaining China's productivity
advantage using recent firm-level survey data. The analysis
finds that China has better infrastructure, more skilled
workers, and more labor-hiring flexibility than India, but a
worse access to finance and higher regulatory burden.
Infrastructure appears to be a key constraint for India: it
lags significantly behind China, yet it has important
indirect effects for the effectiveness of labor flexibility.
Labor flexibility is also likely a major constraint for
India, as evident in the predominance of small firms, the
importance of firm size in accounting for India's
disadvantage in productivity, and the complementarity of
proxies of labor flexibility with infrastructure and access
to finance. Interestingly, regulatory uncertainty has
adverse effects in India but not in China. The empirical
analysis suggests that it is important to consider
country-specific growth bottlenecks and the indirect effects
of policy reforms.
Link permanente para citações:
Learning versus Stealing How Important are Market-Share : Reallocations to India’s Productivity Growth?
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
35.75%
#ACCOUNTING#AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY#BALANCE OF PAYMENTS#BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CRISIS#BARRIERS TO COMPETITION#BASE YEAR#BOOK VALUE#BUSINESS PARTNERS#CHECKS#COLLECTION PROCESS#COMMERCE
Recent trade theory emphasizes the role
of market-share reallocations across firms
("stealing") in driving productivity growth, while
the older literature focused on average productivity
improvements ("learning"). The authors use
comprehensive, firm-level data from India's organized
manufacturing sector to show that market-share reallocations
did play an important role in aggregate productivity gains
immediately following the start of India's trade
reforms in 1991. However, aggregate productivity gains
during the overall period from 1985 to 2004 were driven
largely by improvements in average productivity, which can
be attributed to India's trade liberalization and FDI reforms.
Link permanente para citações:
Cambodia - A Better Investment Climate to Sustain Growth : Second Investment Climate Assessment
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Investment Climate Assessment (ICA)
Português
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45.96%
#ACCESS CONTROL#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCOUNTING#ACTION PLAN#AGRICULTURE#AUTOMATION#AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY#BANK LOAN#BANKS#BENCHMARK
The objectives of this Investment
Climate Assessment (ICA) are to: (i) provide an up-to-date,
fact-based analysis of the business environment for
policy-makers in the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC), the
private sector, civil society, and development partners; and
(ii) outline priorities for improving the business
environment and suggest policy options. The body of this
report is comprised of three chapters. Chapter one gives a
picture of the private sector in Cambodia in early 2008,
including its structure, main features, and overall
performance across key sectors and nationwide. The sectors
featured are: garments, food packaging, telecoms, and
finance. Chapter two reviews the business environment,
starting with existing firms' perceptions of the
business environment, and then goes into more depth on each
dimension. The chapter concludes by discussing which of
these challenges are truly binding constraints on growth.
Chapter three, after taking stock of on-going reform
efforts, concludes with some key directions for reform and a
few concrete policy options for the short and medium term.
Link permanente para citações:
Unleashing Russia's Business Potential : Lessons from the Regions for Building Market Institutions
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
35.86%
#AGRICULTURE#ANTI-COMPETITIVE CONDUCT#BANKING SECTOR#BRANCHES#BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES#BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT#CENTRAL PLANNING#CIVIL SERVICE#COLLUSION#COMPANY#COMPETITION LAW
This analyzes, based on more than
seventy company case studies across 13 Russian regions
during the spring, summer, and fall of 2000, and the summer
of 2001, examines four key issues that Russian firms face in
carrying out business transactions in Russia's regional
markets: 1) the state of enterprise competition; 2) the
regulatory regime governing the delivery of infrastructure
services (with a focus on the telecom, and Internet sector);
3) the sources, and use of corporate finance; and, 4) the
efficacy of the court system in fostering the settlement of
commercial disputes. The study formulates policy
recommendations for each of the areas analyzed. In so doing,
it sheds light on salient inter-regional differences in
existing policy frameworks, and in the structure, and nature
of the country's enterprise sector, as well as on how
regional governments, and firms both respond to, and shape
these differences. The study also highlights the evolution
of inter-regional policy, and economic changes over time,
assessing the extent to which...
Link permanente para citações:
Light Manufacturing in Africa : Targeted Policies to Enhance Private Investment and Create Jobs
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
45.89%
#ACCOUNTABILITY#AGRICULTURE#ANALYTICAL APPROACH#ARABLE LAND#AUTOMOBILES#BANK LOANS#BANKS#BARGAINING#BARGAINING POWER#BENCHMARK#BENCHMARKING
The World Bank's strategy for
Africa's future recognizes the central importance of
industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the consequent
creation of productive jobs for Africans, which have long
been a preoccupation of African leaders and policy makers.
This book represents an attempt to address these issues. The
book stresses that, while the recent turnaround in
Africa's economic growth is encouraging, this growth
must be accompanied by structural transformation to be
sustainable and to create productive employment for its
people. For many African countries, this transformation
involves lifting workers from low-productivity agriculture
and informal sectors into higher productivity activities.
Light manufacturing can offer a viable solution for
Sub-Saharan Africa, given its potential competitiveness that
is based on low wage costs and abundance of natural
resources that supply raw materials needed for industries.
This study has five features that distinguish it from
previous studies. First, the detailed studies on light
manufacturing at the subsector and product levels in five
countries provide in-depth cost comparisons between Asia and
Africa. Second...
Link permanente para citações:
Developing Countries, Dispute Settlement, and the Advisory Centre on WTO Law
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCOUNTING#AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE#AGREEMENT ON TEXTILES#AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS#AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES#ANTI-DUMPING DUTIES#ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES#APPELLATE BODY#BARRIER#CAPACITY BUILDING
Critical appraisals of the current and
potential benefits from developing country engagement in the
World Trade Organization (WTO) focus mainly on the Doha
Round of negotiations. This paper examines developing
country participation in the WTO dispute settlement system
to enforce foreign market access rights already negotiated
in earlier multilateral rounds. The dispute data from 1995
through 2008 reveal three notable trends: developing
countries sustained rate of self-enforcement actions
despite declining use of the Dispute Settlement
Understanding (DSU) by developed countries, developing
countries increased use of the DSU to self-enforce their
access to the markets of developing as well as developed
country markets, and the prevalence of disputes targeting
highly observable causes of lost foreign market access, such
as antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguards. The
paper also examines potential impacts of the Advisory Centre
on WTO Law (ACWL) into the WTO system in 2001. A close look
at the data reveals evidence on at least three channels
through which the ACWL may be enhancing developing
countries' ability to self-enforce foreign market
access: increased initiation of sole-complainant cases...
Link permanente para citações: