Página 3 dos resultados de 1125 itens digitais encontrados em 0.007 segundos

## Estudo de anomalias em modelos de formação de preços e o efeito sobre as empresas de diferentes classificações de risco; A study of asset pricing anomalies and the effect over companies of different credit ratings

Martins, Clarice Carneiro
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Dissertação de Mestrado Formato: application/pdf
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## Explaining the Poor Performance of Consumption-Based Asset Pricing Models

Campbell, John; Cochrane, John
Fonte: Blackwell Publishing Publicador: Blackwell Publishing
Português
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We show that the external habit-formation model economy of Campbell and Cochrane (1999) can explain why the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and its extensions are betterapproximate asset pricing models than is the standard onsumption-based model. The model economy produces time-varying expected eturns, tracked by the dividend–price ratio. Portfolio-based models capture some of this variation in state variables, which a state-independent function of consumption cannot capture. Therefore, though the consumption-based model and CAPM are both perfect conditional asset pricing models, the portfolio-based models are better approximate unconditional asset pricing models.; Economics

## Liquidity and asset pricing: A comparison between three-factor and three-moment capital asset pricing models

Nguyen, Duong
Fonte: FIU Digital Commons Publicador: FIU Digital Commons
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
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Liquidity is an important attribute of an asset that investors would like to take into consideration when making investment decisions. However, the previous empirical evidence whether liquidity is a determinant of stock return is not unanimous. This dissertation provides a very comprehensive study about the role of liquidity in asset pricing using the Fama-French (1993) three-factor and Kraus and Litzenberger (1976) three-moment CAPM as models for risk adjustment. The relationship between liquidity and well-known determinants of stock returns such as size and book-to-market are also investigated. This study examines the liquidity and asset pricing issues for both intertemporal as well as cross-sectional data. ^ The results indicate an existence of a liquidity premium, i.e., less liquid stocks would demand higher rate of return than more liquid stocks. More specifically, a drop of 1 percent in liquidity is associated with a higher rate of return of about 2 to 3 basis points per month. Further investigation reveals that neither the Fama-French three-factor model nor the three-moment CAPM captures the liquidity premium. Finally, the results show that well-known determinants of stock return such as size and book-to-market do not serve as proxy for liquidity. ^ Overall...

## Three essays on asset pricing

Wang, Zhiguang
Fonte: FIU Digital Commons Publicador: FIU Digital Commons
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
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In this dissertation, I investigate three related topics on asset pricing: the consumption-based asset pricing under long-run risks and fat tails, the pricing of VIX (CBOE Volatility Index) options and the market price of risk embedded in stock returns and stock options. These three topics are fully explored in Chapter II through IV. Chapter V summarizes the main conclusions. ^ In Chapter II, I explore the effects of fat tails on the equilibrium implications of the long run risks model of asset pricing by introducing innovations with dampened power law to consumption and dividends growth processes. I estimate the structural parameters of the proposed model by maximum likelihood. I find that the stochastic volatility model with fat tails can, without resorting to high risk aversion, generate implied risk premium, expected risk free rate and their volatilities comparable to the magnitudes observed in data. ^ In Chapter III, I examine the pricing performance of VIX option models. The contention that simpler-is-better is supported by the empirical evidence using actual VIX option market data. I find that no model has small pricing errors over the entire range of strike prices and times to expiration. In general, Whaley’s Black-like option model produces the best overall results...

## Asset Pricing and Investor Behavior; Bewertung von Finanzanlagen und Investorenverhalten

Jank, Stephan
Tipo: Dissertação
Português
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This thesis consists of three essays in empirical finance covering various aspects of asset prices and their relation to the behavior of investors. The first part looks at the cross-section of stock returns and the size and value premium in the context of technology risk. We find that the risk of creative destruction plays an important role in the stock market and is priced. The growth of patent issues, patent activity growth, serves as a measure for technology shocks and creative destruction risk. While small value firms have a negative exposure to patent activity growth, large growth firms have a positive exposure to this factor. This results in an economically meaningful risk premium which can account for the size and the value premium. The second part investigates the time-varying equity premium in the context of investor behavior. The focus of this chapter lies on one specific investor group, namely mutual fund investors. The main result is that mutual fund investors sell stocks in poor (macroeconomic) times which also are times of high expected returns. This portfolio adjustment suggests that in bad times mutual fund investors are less willing to hold equity than the average investor. Possible explanations for this behavior are that mutual fund investors have a higher risk aversion or a higher exposure to income shocks. The third part analyzes the attention of retail investors to the stock market and stock market volatility. The interest of retail investors in the stock market is measured by internet search queries for index names. Searches of index names and the volatility of the index show a strong co-movement over time. Furthermore...

## Can fundamentals explain cross-country correlations of asset returns?

Rodríguez López, Rosa; Restoy, Fernando
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: text/plain; application/pdf
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Previous studies show that existing correlations between national returns are higher than correlations between the national growth rates of fundamental variables. This paper examines the ability of intertemporal asset pricing models to explain cross-country correlations of national returns. We find that when capital markets are assumed to be fully integrated, a simple intertemporal general equilibrium model is able to explain the observed co-variability of domestic asset returns but generates too little variability in those returns. Results improve considerably if a less restrictive version is employed. In that setting, both domestic variability and cross-country co-variability of returns are consistent with capital market integration.

## Liquidity, governance and adverse selection in asset pricing

Strobl, Sascha
Fonte: FIU Digital Commons Publicador: FIU Digital Commons
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
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A plethora of recent literature on asset pricing provides plenty of empirical evidence on the importance of liquidity, governance and adverse selection of equity on pricing of assets together with more traditional factors such as market beta and the Fama-French factors. However, literature has usually stressed that these factors are priced individually. In this dissertation we argue that these factors may be related to each other, hence not only individual but also joint tests of their significance is called for. ^ In the three related essays, we examine the liquidity premium in the context of the finer three-digit SIC industry classification, joint importance of liquidity and governance factors as well as governance and adverse selection. Recent studies by Core, Guay and Rusticus (2006) and Ben-Rephael, Kadan and Wohl (2010) find that governance and liquidity premiums are dwindling in the last few years. One reason could be that liquidity is very unevenly distributed across industries. This could affect the interpretation of prior liquidity studies. Thus, in the first chapter we analyze the relation of industry clustering and liquidity risk following a finer industry classification suggested by Johnson, Moorman and Sorescu (2009). In the second chapter...

## Latent Variable Models for Stochastic Discount Factors.

GARCIA, René; RENAULT, Éric
Fonte: Université de Montréal Publicador: Université de Montréal
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: 712174 bytes; application/pdf
Português
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Latent variable models in finance originate both from asset pricing theory and time series analysis. These two strands of literature appeal to two different concepts of latent structures, which are both useful to reduce the dimension of a statistical model specified for a multivariate time series of asset prices. In the CAPM or APT beta pricing models, the dimension reduction is cross-sectional in nature, while in time-series state-space models, dimension is reduced longitudinally by assuming conditional independence between consecutive returns, given a small number of state variables. In this paper, we use the concept of Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF) or pricing kernel as a unifying principle to integrate these two concepts of latent variables. Beta pricing relations amount to characterize the factors as a basis of a vectorial space for the SDF. The coefficients of the SDF with respect to the factors are specified as deterministic functions of some state variables which summarize their dynamics. In beta pricing models, it is often said that only the factorial risk is compensated since the remaining idiosyncratic risk is diversifiable. Implicitly, this argument can be interpreted as a conditional cross-sectional factor structure...

## Multiple asset class investing : equilibrium asset pricing evaluation of real estate risk and return across four quadrants; Equilibrium asset pricing evaluation of real estate risk and return across four quadrants

Li, Nan, 1972-; Price, Steven McKay
Fonte: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Publicador: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado Formato: 68 leaves; 338455 bytes; 338262 bytes; application/pdf; application/pdf
Português
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The major objective of this study is to test equilibrium asset pricing models with respect to how well they price risk across multiple asset classes; including the four quadrants of real estate. While using the Geltner (1999) paper as a springboard for our approach, this thesis both updates Professor Geltner's earlier work and extends its scope through the testing of additional models and asset classes. Using historical data to derive beta estimates, we empirically test several variations of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). These variations include the traditional, single-beta, Sharpe-Lintner CAPM, as well as the multi-beta, Fama-French CAPM. For the single-factor formula we explore the use of two different market portfolio proxies, the S&P 500 Index and the National Wealth Portfolio (NWP). We also apply the single-factor formula to a non-wealth based, consumption oriented approach. Test results show the NWP based CAPM to be the strongest model, being both robust and statistically significant in its pricing of asset volatility. When using the traditional S&P 500 index as the market proxy, the basic CAPM performs surprisingly well, though not as well as the NWP version. The multi-beta Fama-French model explains a large amount of price variation...

## The fundamental theorem of asset pricing under proportional transaction costs

Roux, Alet
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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We extend the fundamental theorem of asset pricing to a model where the risky stock is subject to proportional transaction costs in the form of bid-ask spreads and the bank account has different interest rates for borrowing and lending. We show that such a model is free of arbitrage if and only if one can embed in it a friction-free model that is itself free of arbitrage, in the sense that there exists an artificial friction-free price for the stock between its bid and ask prices and an artificial interest rate between the borrowing and lending interest rates such that, if one discounts this stock price by this interest rate, then the resulting process is a martingale under some non-degenerate probability measure. Restricting ourselves to the simple case of a finite number of time steps and a finite number of possible outcomes for the stock price, the proof follows by combining classical arguments based on finite-dimensional separation theorems with duality results from linear optimisation.

## Bridge Copula Model for Option Pricing

Campolieti, Giuseppe; Makarov, Roman N.; Vasiliev, Andrey
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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In this paper we present a new multi-asset pricing model, which is built upon newly developed families of solvable multi-parameter single-asset diffusions with a nonlinear smile-shaped volatility and an affine drift. Our multi-asset pricing model arises by employing copula methods. In particular, all discounted single-asset price processes are modeled as martingale diffusions under a risk-neutral measure. The price processes are so-called UOU diffusions and they are each generated by combining a variable (Ito) transformation with a measure change performed on an underlying Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (Gaussian) process. Consequently, we exploit the use of a normal bridge copula for coupling the single-asset dynamics while reducing the distribution of the multi-asset price process to a multivariate normal distribution. Such an approach allows us to simulate multidimensional price paths in a precise and fast manner and hence to price path-dependent financial derivatives such as Asian-style and Bermudan options using the Monte Carlo method. We also demonstrate how to successfully calibrate our multi-asset pricing model by fitting respective equity option and asset market prices to the single-asset models and their return correlations (i.e. the copula function) using the least-square and maximum-likelihood estimation methods.; Comment: 22 pages...

## Fundamental theorems of asset pricing for piecewise semimartingales of stochastic dimension

Strong, Winslow
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First is to extend the notions of an n-dimensional semimartingale and its stochastic integral to a piecewise semimartingale of stochastic dimension. The properties of the former carry over largely intact to the latter, avoiding some of the pitfalls of infinite-dimensional stochastic integration. Second is to extend two fundamental theorems of asset pricing (FTAPs): the equivalence of no free lunch with vanishing risk to the existence of an equivalent sigma-martingale measure for the price process, and the equivalence of no arbitrage of the first kind to the existence of an equivalent local martingale deflator for the set of nonnegative wealth processes.; Comment: 20 pages

## A note on the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing under model uncertainty

Bayraktar, Erhan; Zhang, Yuchong; Zhou, Zhou
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
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We show that the results of ArXiv:1305.6008 on the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing and the super-hedging theorem can be extended to the case in which the options available for static hedging (\emph{hedging options}) are quoted with bid-ask spreads. In this set-up, we need to work with the notion of \emph{robust no-arbitrage} which turns out to be equivalent to no-arbitrage under the additional assumption that hedging options with non-zero spread are \emph{non-redundant}. A key result is the closedness of the set of attainable claims, which requires a new proof in our setting.; Comment: Final version. To appear in Risks

## CAPM, rewards, and empirical asset pricing with coherent risk

Cherny, Alexander S.; Madan, Dilip B.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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The paper has 2 main goals: 1. We propose a variant of the CAPM based on coherent risk. 2. In addition to the real-world measure and the risk-neutral measure, we propose the third one: the extreme measure. The introduction of this measure provides a powerful tool for investigating the relation between the first two measures. In particular, this gives us - a new way of measuring reward; - a new approach to the empirical asset pricing.

## A new perspective on the fundamental theorem of asset pricing for large financial markets

Cuchiero, Christa; Klein, Irene; Teichmann, Josef
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
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In the context of large financial markets we formulate the notion of \emph{no asymptotic free lunch with vanishing risk} (NAFLVR), under which we can prove a version of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (FTAP) in markets with an (even uncountably) infinite number of assets, as it is for instance the case in bond markets. We work in the general setting of admissible portfolio wealth processes as laid down by Y. Kabanov \cite{kab:97} under a substantially relaxed concatenation property and adapt the FTAP proof variant obtained in \cite{CT:14} for the classical small market situation to large financial markets. In the case of countably many assets, our setting includes the large financial market model considered by M. De Donno et al. \cite{DGP:05} and its abstract integration theory. The notion of (NAFLVR) turns out to be an economically meaningful "no arbitrage" condition (in particular not involving weak-$*$-closures), and, (NAFLVR) is equivalent to the existence of a separating measure. Furthermore we show -- by means of a counterexample -- that the existence of an equivalent separating measure does not lead to an equivalent $\sigma$-martingale measure, even in a countable large financial market situation.; Comment: correction of an issue on filtrations...

## Empirical asset pricing with nonlinear risk premia

Mijatovic, Aleksandar; Schneider, Paul
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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In this paper we introduce a simple continuous-time asset pricing framework, based on general multi-dimensional diffusion processes, that combines semi-analytic pricing with a nonlinear specification for the market price of risk. Our framework guarantees existence of weak solutions of the nonlinear SDEs under the physical measure, thus allowing to work with nonlinear models for the real world dynamics not considered in the literature so far. It emerges that the additional flexibility in the time series modelling is econometrically relevant: a nonlinear stochastic volatility diffusion model for the joint time series of the S&P 100 and the VXO implied volatility index data shows superior forecasting power over the standard specifications for implied and realized variance forecasting.; Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures

## Essays on empirical asset pricing

Zhang, X.
Fonte: [Barcelona] : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Publicador: [Barcelona] : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
Tipo: Tesis i dissertacions electròniques; info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Formato: application/pdf
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Descripció del recurs: 16 de gener de 2014; This thesis consists of three essays on empirical asset pricing around three themes: evaluating linear factor asset pricing models by comparing their misspecified measures, understanding the long-run risk on consumption-leisure to investigate their pricing performances on cross-sectional returns, and evaluating conditional asset pricing models by using the methodology of dynamic cross-sectional regressions. The first chapter is Comparing Asset Pricing Models: What does the Hansen-Jagannathan Distance Tell Us?''. It compares the relative performance of some important linear asset pricing models based on the Hansen-Jagannathan (HJ) distance using data over a long sample period from 1952-2011 based on U.S. market. The main results are as follows: first, among return-based linear models, the Fama-French (1993) five-factor model performs best in terms of the normalized pricing errors, compared with the other candidates. On the other hand, the macro-factor model of Chen, Roll, and Ross (1986) five-factor is not able to explain industry portfolios: its performance is even worse than that of the classical CAPM. Second, the Yogo (2006) non-durable and durable consumption model is the least misspecified...

## Essays in empirical asset pricing

Bryzgalova, Svetlana
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed Formato: text
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In this thesis, I study asset pricing models of stock and bond returns, and therole of macroeconomic factors in explaining and forecasting their dynamics. The first chapter is devoted to the identification and measurement of risk premia in the cross-section of stocks, when some of the risk factors are only weakly related to asset returns and, as a result, spurious inference problems are likely to arise. I develop a new estimator for cross-sectional asset pricing models that, simultaneously, provides model diagnostic and parameter estimates. This novel approach removes the impact of spurious factors and restores consistency and asymptotic normality of the parameter estimates. Empirically, I identify both robust factors and those that instead suffer from severe identification problems that render the standard assessment of their pricing performance unreliable (e.g. consumption growth, human capital proxies and others). The second chapter extends the shrinkage-based estimation approach to the class of affine factor models of the term structure of interest rates, where many macroeconomic factors are known to improve the yield forecasts, while at the same time being unspanned by the cross-section of bond returns. In the last chapter (with Christian Julliard)...

## Is consumption growth only a sideshow in asset pricing?: asset pricing implications of demographic change and shocks to time preferences

Maurer, Thomas A.
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed Formato: application/pdf