OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim was to compare the long-term survivorship rates and the rates of successful osseointegration between two different types of uncemented acetabular components. INTRODUCTION: Two types of alloys have primarily been used for the manufacture of the uncemented acetabular components: titanium-based and cobalt-based alloys. A titanium-based alloy appears to be more effective with regard to interface stress transfer to the host bone because of its lower elastic modulus relative to a cobalt-based alloy. This supposed mechanical advantage of a titanium-based alloy component motivated this comparative study. METHODS: Two uncemented acetabular components, a porous-coated acetabulum and a Plasmacup®, were compared with a focus on long-term prosthesis survivorship and the development of acetabular osseointegration. Five radiographic signs of osseointegration were evaluated at the last follow-up appointment: (1) absence of radiolucent lines, (2) presence of a superolateral buttress, (3) medial stress-shielding, (4) radial trabeculae, and (5) an inferomedial buttress. We considered the presence of any three of these radiographic signs, in the absence of acetabular dislocation or symptoms, to be indicative of successful acetabular osseointegration. RESULTS: Among 70 patients implanted with the porous-coated acetabulum...

Um estudo terapêutico comparativo prospectivo é realizado para avaliar o acesso posterior minimamente invasivo em artroplastia total do quadril comparado com o acesso lateral direto tradicional. O estudo inclui 76 pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril primárias não cimentadas por diagnóstico de osteoartrose primária e secundária. Não são incluídos, pacientes com qualquer tipo de coagulopatia, em uso de anticoagulantes ou antiagregante plaquetário, pacientes hipertensos sem controle medicamentoso, pacientes submetidos à qualquer cirurgia prévia do quadril, e pacientes com seqüela de displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril que tenham a cabeça femoral ectópica. O objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar a perda volêmica que ocorre nestes pacientes. Há diferença de média de idade (p=0,017) no acesso minimamente invasivo (50,1 anos) em relação ao grupo controle (56,8 anos), porém não observamos diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao índice de massa corpórea, lado operado e diagnóstico inicial. Observa-se um sangramento menor (p<0,001) no período intra-operatório (745,6 ml contra 1282,8 ml), assim como, menor sangramento total (p<0,001) no acesso minimamente invasivo posterior (1083,5 ml contra 1682...

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo sobre a variação de escala (1:50.000 e 1:250.000) nas metodologias desenvolvidas por ROSS (1994) e por CREPANI (2001), na geração de cartas de fragilidade ambiental e de vulnerabilidade natural à perda do solo. Cada metodologia apresenta uma forma particular de calcular os graus de fragilidade ambiental e vulnerabilidade à perda do solo, mas ambas se baseiam no princípio da ecodinâmica de Tricart, no qual os processos de pedogênese (formadores de solo) e morfogênese (modificadores das formas de relevo) são os principais atores na classificação do meio ambiente. Nesta classificação ocorre a compartimentação do meio ambiente em áreas homólogas, o que permite o agrupamento e a síntese das informações referentes ao meio físico, como também relativas às intervenções antrópicas dentro dessas áreas. Este processo é realizado dentro de um SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica). O efeito da variação de escala no modelo de fragilidade ambiental possui maior representatividade para o tema geomorfologia. Os demais temas não sofrem alteração significativa, na medida em que ficam subjulgados ao índice de dissecação do relevo, sendo esta variável a determinante do grau de fragilidade de cada área. Na metodologia de Crepani a vulnerabilidade à perda do solo é decorrente da média aritmética da ponderação dos temas...

Introdução: Atualmente, muito tem se estudado a respeito de a esquizofrenia e do transtorno afetivo-bipolar (TAB) pertencerem a um continuum de sinais e sintomas que caracterizam o espectro da psicose, com etiologias que se sobrepõem parcialmente. O estudo comparativo de crianças filhas de pacientes com esquizofrenia e com transtorno bipolar pode ajudar na compreensão do quanto à vulnerabilidade para o desenvolvimento dessas patologias se assemelha e em quais momentos se diferencia. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar crianças e adolescentes em risco para esquizofrenia, para transtorno bipolar e um grupo sem risco para estes transtornos em relação a: 1) presença de problemas de saúde mental, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, competência social, quociente intelectual (QI); 2) associação entre presença de diagnóstico ou sintomas psiquiátricos nas crianças e a presença de diagnóstico psiquiátrico materno (esquizofrenia ou transtorno bipolar do humor), gravidade do diagnóstico materno, complicações obstétricas, nível socioeconômico dos pais, escolaridade da mãe. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal comparando filhos de mulheres com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e transtorno afetivo bipolar, segundo critérios do DSM-IV...

A articulação tempo-mandibular vem sendo cada vez mais motivo de interesse e pesquisa por parte dos cirurgiões-dentistas, a gama de exames que favorecem o diagnostico dessas patologias é vasta, porém alguns exames são inacessíveis ao paciente ou de difícil interpretação pelo profissional. Neste estudo realizamos o estudo comparativo do músculo masseter em 14 voluntários que foram submetidos a exames de tomografia computadorizada e ultra-sonografia, para mensuração do diâmetro transverso do citado músculo em diferentes posições. Os resultados indicam diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparadas às diferenças da espessura do masseter pelos métodos citados. A realização do exame de ultra-sonografia deve ser realizado de forma criteriosa, seus valores apresentam-se específicos e quando comparados aos valores obtidos na tomografia computadorizada podem traduzir dados importantes para o diagnóstico. A ultra-sonografia como método de diagnóstico para a ATM acrescenta dados que facilitam o diagnóstico precoce lesões que acometem a musculatura mastigatória, além de ser um exame de baixo custo, alta especificidade, não invasivo e realizado em tempo real; The temporo mandibular joint it is being more and more reason interest for researches on the part of the dentistry...

A comparative study using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and nitrogen adsorption has been carried out in the structural characterization of silica xerogels and aerogels, obtained from tetraethoxysilane sonohydrolysis. The specific surface and the mean pore size as measured by both the techniques were found to be in notable agreement in all cases for aerogels and xerogels. According to the SAXS data, aerogels at 500 °C exhibit a mass fractal structure with fractal dimension D∼2.4 in the range between the correlation length ξ∼5.3 nm and a∼0.75 nm. An experimental method to probe the mass fractal structure of aerogels from exclusively nitrogen adsorption isotherms has been presented. For aerogels at 500 °C, we have found D∼2.4 in the range between the pore width 2rξ∼33 nm and 2ra∼4.5 nm, which is in notable agreement with the SAXS results (D ∼2.4, ξ∼5.3 nm, a∼0.75 nm) if we assign the pore width 2r probed by the Kelvin equation in the adsorption method to the Bragg distance 2π/q associated to the correlation length 1/q probed by SAXS.

Os monoterpenos são uma importante classe de produtos naturais com odor e sabor intenso e que contém muitas moléculas que apresentam atividade biológica, incluindo a atividade antimicrobiana, e aplicações na indústria farmacêutica, cosmética e alimentícia. Entretanto, são substâncias lipofílicas, voláteis e apresentam certa instabilidade química. Ciclodextrinas (CDs) são carreadores macrocíclicos, capazes de complexar, aumentar a solubilidade em água e estabilizar um largo espectro de substâncias e que, atualmente, têm sido objeto de pesquisas e de desenvolvimento de novos produtos pela indústria farmacêutica. Neste trabalho procedeu-se um estudo comparativo da complexação de quatro monoterpenos (citral, β-mirceno, limoneno e 1,8-cineol) em βCD e HP-βCD, bem como a avaliação biológica desses compostos, complexados ou não. Após essas avaliações realizou-se o desenvolvimento de um enxaguante bucal contendo o monoterpeno mais promissor no combate ao biofilme dentário. Para a caracterização físico-química do complexo de inclusão monoterpeno-CD foram utilizadas técnicas espectroscópicas (UV-Vis), cromatográficas (CG-EM) e calorimétricas (DSC), avaliando a solubilidade dos complexos em água e porcentagem de inclusão dos monoterpenos em CD. Foi realizado um screening da atividade antimicrobiana dos quatro monoterpenos em estudo frente à quatro cepas de bactérias (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853; Escherichia coli ATCC 10538 e Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175) e quatro cepas de fungos (Candida albicans ATCC 10231; Candida dubliniensis ATCC 22019; Candida tropicalis ATCC 157 e Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019). Essa avaliação foi realizada através da determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (concentração que inibiu 50% do desenvolvimento microbiano...

Four populations in the Amazon area were selected for a comparative study of mercury-exposed and non-exposed populations: São Luiz do Tapajós, Barreiras, Panacauera, and Pindobal Grande. The highest mercury levels in human hair samples were found in São Luiz do Tapajós and Barreiras, greatly exceeding the limits established by the World Health Organization. Panacauera showed an intermediate level below 9 µg/g. This was the first comparative and simultaneous evaluation of mercury exposure in the Amazon area. Also, thanks to this type of monitoring, we were able to eliminate the uncertainties about the reference dose. On the basis of these data, we can conclude that the mercury levels detected in exposed populations of the Tapajós River basin may be dangerous not only because they are above the World Health Organization limits, but also because the simultaneous mercury detection in non-exposed populations with similar characteristics provided a valid control and revealed lower mercury levels. Our results support the importance of continuous monitoring in both exposed and non-exposed populations.

OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim was to compare the long-term survivorship rates and the rates of successful osseointegration between two different types of uncemented acetabular components. INTRODUCTION: Two types of alloys have primarily been used for the manufacture of the uncemented acetabular components: titanium-based and cobalt-based alloys. A titanium-based alloy appears to be more effective with regard to interface stress transfer to the host bone because of its lower elastic modulus relative to a cobalt-based alloy. This supposed mechanical advantage of a titanium-based alloy component motivated this comparative study. METHODS: Two uncemented acetabular components, a porous-coated acetabulum and a Plasmacup®, were compared with a focus on long-term prosthesis survivorship and the development of acetabular osseointegration. Five radiographic signs of osseointegration were evaluated at the last follow-up appointment: (1) absence of radiolucent lines, (2) presence of a superolateral buttress, (3) medial stress-shielding, (4) radial trabeculae, and (5) an inferomedial buttress. We considered the presence of any three of these radiographic signs, in the absence of acetabular dislocation or symptoms, to be indicative of successful acetabular osseointegration. RESULTS: Among 70 patients implanted with the porous-coated acetabulum...

Complex forest structure and abundant tree species in the moist tropical regions often couse difficulties in classifying vegetation classes with remotely sensed data. This paper explores improvement in vegetation classification accuracies through a comparative study of different image combinations based on the integration of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT High Resolution Geometric (HRG) instrument data, as well as the combination of spectral signatures and textures. A maximum likelihood classifier was used to classify the different image combinations into thematic maps. This research indicated that data fusion based on HBG multispectral and panchromatic data slightly improved vegetation classification accuracies: a 3.1 to 4.6 percent increase in the kappa coefficient compared with the classification results based on original HRG of TM multispectral images. A combination of HRG spectral signatures and two textural images improved the kappa coefficient by 6.3 percent compared with pure HRG multispectral images. The textural images based on entropy or second-moment texture measures with a window size of 9 pixels X 9 pixels played an important role in improving vegetation classification accuracy. Overall, optical remote-sensing data are still insufficient for accurate vegetation classifications in the Amazon basin.; 2008

The central and state governments of India have been pursuing several reforms in the higher education sector. In engineering education, the government has already embarked on several reforms within the current legislative framework. Given this dynamic momentum, the engineering education sector in India is expected to receive a significant boost over the next few years. It is therefore timely to take stock and review the position of the sector internationally. This study thus aims to provide the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), and relevant stakeholders with key facts, reliable data, and the results of relevant international comparisons to establish a common ground and to help in measuring the performance of the current engineering education system in India. The government also recognizes the importance of lessons that may be learned from the other Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, and China (BRIC) countries, and these countries were therefore selected for the comparison. This report is organized as follows: section one gives introduction; section two briefly discusses the background of both general higher education and engineering education in India. Section three reviews earlier comparative studies on international engineering education. Section four describes the scope of the study. Section five explains the methodology of data collection and identifies the data sources. Section six outlines the analysis of the collected data and the findings. Section seven presents conclusions. The appendixes describe the engineering education systems of the various countries examined in the study...

In the discussion - Selection Of Students For Hotel Schools: A Comparative Study - by William Morgan, Professor, School of Hospitality Management at Florida International University, Morgan’s initial observation is: “Standards for the selection of students into schools of hospitality management around the world vary considerably when it comes to measuring attitudes toward the industry. The author discusses current standards and recommends some changes.” In addition to intellectual ability, Professor Morgan wants you to know that an intangible element such as attitude is an equally important consideration to students seeking curriculum and careers in the hospitality field. “…breaches in behavior or problems in the tourist employee encounter are often caused by attitudinal conditions which pre exist the training and which were not able to be totally corrected by the unfreezing, movement, and refreezing processes required in attitudinal change,” says Morgan. “…other than for some requirements for level or grade completed or marks obtained, 26 of the 54 countries sampled (48.1 percent) had no pre-selection process at all. Of those having some form of a selection process (in addition to grades), 14 schools in 12 countries (22.2 percent) had a formal admissions examination...

Les restructurations et les mutations de plus en plus nombreuses dans les entreprises font évoluer la trajectoire de carrière des employés vers un cheminement moins linéaire et amènent une multiplication des changements de rôle (Delobbe & Vandenberghe, 2000). Les organisations doivent de plus en plus se soucier de l’intégration de ces nouveaux employés afin de leur transmettre les éléments fondamentaux du fonctionnement et de la culture qu’elles privilégient. Par contre, la plupart des recherches sur la socialisation organisationnelle portent sur les « meilleures pratiques », et les résultats qui en découlent sont mixtes. Cette étude comparative cherche à déterminer si et sur quelles variables les nouveaux employés socialisés par leur entreprise diffèrent des nouveaux employés « non socialisés ». Premièrement, cette étude vise à comparer ces deux groupes sur 1) les résultantes proximales (la maîtrise du contenu de la socialisation organisationnelle et la clarté de rôle) et 2) les résultantes distales (l’engagement organisationnel affectif, la satisfaction au travail et l’intention de quitter) du processus de socialisation organisationnelle, ainsi que sur 3) les caractéristiques des réseaux sociaux d’information...

In this paper, I have made a comparative study of educational systems in the UK and Spain, with regard to Early Childhood Education. In addition, there is research on the different educational theories that emerged about education for younger, as functionalism or Progressivism among others. Moreover, I have done a search about the first pedagogical currents that emerged in relation to children's education and how each of them proposed work with children. To better understand the education system of these European countries, I have drawn the most important moments of early childhood education throughout the English-and Spanish history. With regard to the study of both educational systems, it has been divided into two sections for better understanding: first, I compared the organization of the stages of early childhood education between the two countries and secondly I have written the curriculum with these countries work early childhood education.; En este trabajo, se hace un estudio comparativo entre los sistemas educativos de Reino Unido y Espa??a, en lo que respecta a la Educaci??n Infantil. Adem??s, se hace una investigaci??n sobre las diferentes corrientes educativas que surgieron conforme la educaci??n para los m??s peque??os...

In this paper, I have made a comparative study of educational systems in the UK and Spain, with regard to Early Childhood Education. In addition, there is research on the different educational theories that emerged about education for younger, as functionalism or Progressivism among others. Moreover, I have done a search about the first pedagogical currents that emerged in relation to children's education and how each of them proposed work with children. To better understand the education system of these European countries, I have drawn the most important moments of early childhood education throughout the English-and Spanish history. With regard to the study of both educational systems, it has been divided into two sections for better understanding: first, I compared the organization of the stages of early childhood education between the two countries and secondly I have written the curriculum with these countries work early childhood education.; En este trabajo, se hace un estudio comparativo entre los sistemas educativos de Reino Unido y Espa??a, en lo que respecta a la Educaci??n Infantil. Adem??s, se hace una investigaci??n sobre las diferentes corrientes educativas que surgieron conforme la educaci??n para los m??s peque??os...

Introduction The demographic epidemiologic transition is a worldwide phenomenon and it is present both in the developed countries and increasingly in the developing ones. The population estimates in the studied countries show that Portugal is nowadays in the list of the oldest countries in the world and in Brazil the “ageing of the top” will occur up to 2025 occupying the 6th elderly population of the world, in absolute terms. Methods The aim of this study was to analyze comparatively Life Quality between the senior citizens who participate in the Public Physical Activity Programs at Nisa, Portugal (Program Activ Sénior) and Florianópolis, Brazil (Programa Floripa Ativa). A transversal descriptive study was carried out including 258 senior citizens, both genders, from October to December 2011 using the Brazilian and Portuguese versions of the Short Form 36 questionnaire. The statistics tests performed were Student’s t-teste, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test and K-S test. Results The global Cronbach’s alpha was 0.72 for the Physical and 0.73 for the Mental Component. Descriptive analysis showed that the subjects' average age was 69,56 years old (PD:+/- 5,74 years) and that most of them were women (84,8%). The best scores for both cities/countries were obtained for the Mental Component: Social Function (83...

Es un estudio descriptivo/exploratorio de dos Casas de la Cultura en Bogotá (Tunjuelito/Usaquén), basado en la revisión de documentos y recolección de datos a través de herramientas cualitativas, con aspectos cuantitativos en la presentación de datos por medio de cuadros de comparación. Presenta resultados de las siguientes categorías: grupos de interés, aspectos administrativos y productos.; This final project presents a descriptive and exploratory study of two Casas de la Cultura in Bogota (Tunjuelito/Usaquen, based on a revison of primary and secondary documents, and fieldwork using qualitative methods. The study draws upon quantative features in the presentation of date through comparative tables. Findings are presented according to the following main categories: stakeholders, administrative aspects, and cultural products. The two case studies were chosen because of an important distinguishing feature: Tunjuelito has a purpose built infrastructure while Usaquen does not.

Research on the topic of aktionsart has been exponentially growing in the last half century. Competing theories and approaches are still under hot discussion today. This work is set to offer a basic insight into the knowledge that has been gathered to this point about the notion of aktionsart. It is a comparative study that examines how verbs are classified in terms of aktionsart in Russian and English, and whether they are treated differently. Despite apparent differences, the data suggests that they are not.; El concepte de aktionsart ha estat al focus de recerca de nombroses investigacions de la darrera meitat del segle anterior. Les teories sobre aquest concepte són disputades fins avui dia. Aquest escrit es proposa oferir una introducció a les bases del aktionsart. Es tracta d’un estudi comparatiu que examina el tractament dels verbs en Rus i Anglès en relació al aspecte lèxic. Tot i que pugui semblar que hi existeixen diferencies aparents, les dades suggereixen que els dos idiomes tracten el concepte d’actionsart de manera més semblant que diferent.

OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim was to compare the long-term survivorship rates and the rates of successful osseointegration between two different types of uncemented acetabular components. INTRODUCTION: Two types of alloys have primarily been used for the manufacture of the uncemented acetabular components: titanium-based and cobalt-based alloys. A titanium-based alloy appears to be more effective with regard to interface stress transfer to the host bone because of its lower elastic modulus relative to a cobalt-based alloy. This supposed mechanical advantage of a titanium-based alloy component motivated this comparative study. METHODS: Two uncemented acetabular components, a porous-coated acetabulum and a Plasmacup®, were compared with a focus on long-term prosthesis survivorship and the development of acetabular osseointegration. Five radiographic signs of osseointegration were evaluated at the last follow-up appointment: (1) absence of radiolucent lines, (2) presence of a superolateral buttress, (3) medial stress-shielding, (4) radial trabeculae, and (5) an inferomedial buttress. We considered the presence of any three of these radiographic signs, in the absence of acetabular dislocation or symptoms, to be indicative of successful acetabular osseointegration. RESULTS: Among 70 patients implanted with the porous-coated acetabulum...

This paper uses two employer-employee linked data sets to investigate the interactive role of labour market institutions and firm wage policies on the gender earnings gap. Extending the Juhn et al. (1991) decomposition methodology, a new decomposition methodology is proposed to investigate the role of firm wage policies on the gender earnings gap. Two countries with different wage bargaining systems, Australia and France, are used to conduct a comparative study. It is found that firm wage policies in Australia play a much larger role in narrowing the gender earnings gaps than in France. This is mainly due to the fact that Australia has a more decentralised wage bargaining system and that such system is operated under an environment where there is a strong union presence.